Motors are everywhere—in our devices, cars, and even in our bodies! Muscles and nerves create movement in a similar way to how motors generate motion. But how do motors actually work? Let’s explore by building a simple motor model.
The Basics: What Makes a Motor Spin?
To make our model motor work, we need just a few components, including a permanent magnet and a battery. When we connect the battery, it creates an electromagnet—a coil of wire that generates a magnetic field when electricity flows through it. This electromagnet interacts with the permanent magnet, causing the motor to spin. This concept is fundamental to how all electric motors function, from the fan in your computer to powerful electric vehicles like the Tesla Cybertruck.
Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s Discovery
The science behind motors traces back to a groundbreaking discovery made 202 years ago by Michael Faraday. He uncovered the principle of electromagnetic induction, which allows electrical energy to convert into mechanical energy. This principle is the foundation of all modern electric motors and generators, making Faraday’s work a cornerstone of technological advancement.
Experimenting with Electromagnetic Fields
Using our model motor kit, we can see electromagnetic induction in action. By connecting an LED induction coil, we can even observe how electricity generates light—a fascinating way to learn about the power of electromagnetism.